Improvement in bench-planes



2 Sheets sheet 2. H. BA ECKER.

Bench-Plane. N0.198,180,' Patented Dec 18,1877.

7 w M m x form the cutting-edge.

often ruins the structure.

UNITED STATES "PATENT OFFICE.

HEINRICH BAECKER, OF REMSOHEID, GERMANY.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 198,180, datedDecember 18, 1877; application filed October 8, 1877.

I To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, Hnnvnron BAECKER, of Remscheid, Germany, haveinvented Improvements in the Construction of Planes, of

which the plane-iron is fastened by means of wedges. These plane-ironsare, in their main part, composed of an iron plate, to the end of whicha strip or facing of steel is attached to ficient in many respects. Theyare rendered expensive by the forging operation necessary to unite themain part of the plane-iron and its steel facing, which mode ofmanufacture The mode of their production frequently renders the saidirons defective by destroying the high quality required for the steelcutting-edge. Such irons require to be bulky, and therefore moredifficult to grind, and on account of the limited extent of their steelportion must soon be destroyed when frequently ground.

My invention relates to that class of planes wherein the iron or bit iscomposed of a plate having an even thickness, and composed entirely ofsteel-such an iron orbit as may be sharpened until its length is sodiminished that it can no longer be supported in the stock.

My invention consists in the means for securing and adjusting such aniron or bit in the plane-stock, the details of which are too fullyhereinafter set forth to need preliminary description.

In the accompanying drawings, illustrating my invention, in which likereference-characters indicate the same parts, Figure 1 is a plan view,and Fig. 2 an edge view, of the plane iron or bit; Fig. 3 is a planview, and Fig. 4. an edge view, of the upper break-iron. Fig. 5 is aplan view, and Fig. 6 an edge view, of the under break-iron, with theadjusting mechan isms attached; Fig. 7, a View of the clampingmechanism. Fig. 8 shows the clamping-screw, and Fig. 9 an operating-key.Fig. 10 shows an adjusting-screw. Fig. his a vertical section of all theparts fitted together in operative position. Fig. 12 is a plan view, andFig. 13 an edge view, of a rabbet-plane iron, and Fig.

Such planes are de-- 14 is a modification of the mode of fastening theiron or bit in place.

Thesteel iron or bit 5 is composed of a thin sheet of steel, of eventhickness, which is sharpenedat its bottom edge, and it is provided witha slot, 2, extending centrally from its top edge to a distance beyondits middle part. It is adjusted in the plane stock between twobreak-irons, 8 9, one of which (the lower, 9) is secured to theplane-stock. The iron or bit lies between these break-irons, as in Fig.11, and the said devices are fastened securely together by means ofaclampin g-screw, 10, whose stem passes through a hole, 11, in the underbreak-iron 9, through the slot 2 in the iron or bit, and enters ascrew-threaded hole, 12,-tapped into the upper break-iron 8. When theiron or bit is properly adjusted between these breakirons, it may befirmly secured by properly tightening said clamping-screw. The upperbreak-iron 8 and the plane iron or bit are prevented from movinglaterally with respect to the under break-iron 9 by means of a pin, 13,projecting from the inner face of the under break-iron 9, passingthrough the slot 2 of the iron or bit, and entering a hole, 14:, in theupper break-iron 8. q The parts thus held together are secured in themortise in the plane-stock 15 by means of an arm, v16, projectingrearward from the under break-iron, and fastened to the stock 15 bymeansof a screw. The lower end of the under break-iron rests upon one side ofthe mortise, where it is secured by screws 40, while the front surfaceof the end of the upper break-iron rests upon the other side of saidmortise, the devices being thus held steadily in place.

In order that the iron or bit 5 may be adjusted while its break-ironsare fixed in the mortise in the plane-stock, the head 6 of theclamping-screw is provided with gear-teeth, fitting a worm, 4, the shank7 of which turns in arms 17 18 projecting from the rear face of theunder break-iron 9. The shank 7 of this worm is provided with a squaredhead, 19, which fits a similar socket in a turning-key, 20.

By these devices the said clamping-screw 10 may be turned in and out ofthe screwthreaded hole 12 by inserting the key 20 through a hole (notshown) in the side of the plane-stock, en-

gaging the same with the head 19 and operating said key in the properdirection.

In order to adjust the plane-iron vertically with respect to thebreak-irons and plane-stock, and thus protrude its cuttin g-edge thedesired distance, each of the break irons is provided with slots inwhich a pin connected with said plane-iron may freely play. The slot inthe upper break-iron is marked 21, and that in the lower break-iron ismarked 22. The pin 23, operating the iron 5, projects from a hub, 24,and enters one of two holes, 25 26, with which said plane-iron isprovided. An adjustin g screw, 27, having a screw-threaded shank, whichruns in a threaded hole tapped through the hub 24, is supported in acollar, 30, fast to the under break-iron, and its squared head (adaptedto fit the socket of the turningkey 20) projects above the plane-stock.This construction permits the rotation of said screw 27 to raise orlower the hub 24, and to impart a like movement to the plane-ironwithout disturbing the break-irons.

It is evident thatin order to adjust the plane-iron in either directionthe clampingscrew 10 must be first loosened, whereupon the adjustingmovement may be imparted by means of the adjusting-screw 27. This done,the iron may be again secured by operating the clamping-screw 10.

Furthermore, if it is desired to remove the plane-iron it may be donewhen the breakirons are adjusted so as not to clamp and hold the saidiron.

In the modification, Figs. 12, 13, 14, which represent the irons of arabbet-plane, the devices are constructed substantially as beforedescribed, except that the adjusting-screw 27 is omitted, and theclamping-screw is adapted ing-screw 10,v substantially as described.

2. The combination of the plane iron or bit 5, upper break-iron 8,having hole 14, under break-iron 9, having projecting pin 13, andclamping-screw 10, substantially as described. 3. The combination of theplane iron or bit 5, break-irons 8 9, clamping-screw 10,,worm 4, andgeared head 6, substantially as described. 4. The combination of thebreak-irons 8 9,

having slots 21 22, with the plane iron or bit '5, having a slot, 2,pin- 23, and-adjustingscrew 27, substantially as described.

5. An improved plane, consisting of a bit having an equal thicknessthroughout its length, and a slot, 2, breakdrons 8 9, clamping-screw 10,and an adjusting mechanism, as screw 27 and pin 23, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed myname to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

HEINRICH B-AEOKER.

Witnesses:

BERNH. Sc ENK, FRANZ MAYENBARN.

